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PROPOLIS - 蜂胶
Propoli
Actions
Infections, ulcers of colon and stomach, infections of colon and stomach, prostate, nervousness, influenza, cold (prevention), tuberculosis; to strengthen the immune system, as a natural antibiotic ...
Description
Composition :
100% Propoli - 325 mg
Part used :
Resinous substance made by honey bees
Propolis is a resinous mixture that honey bees collect from tree buds, sap flows and other botanical sources. It is used as a sealant for unwanted open spaces in the hive, and to protect against invasive organisms (fungi, bacteria, small insects). It is sticky at and above room temperature (20°C or 68°F); at lower temperatures it becomes hard and brittle.
The composition of Propolis varies from hive to hive, from district to district, and from season to season. Normally it is dark brown in color, but it can be found in green, red, black, and white hues, depending on the sources of resin found in the particular hive area. In northern temperate climates, for example, bees collect resins from trees, such as poplars and conifers (the biological role of resin in trees is to seal wounds and defend against bacteria, fungi and insects). Typical northern temperate Propolis has approximately 50 constituents, primarily resins and vegetable balsams (50%), waxes (30%), essential oils (10%), and pollen (5%). In tropical regions, in addition to a large variety of trees, bees may also gather resin from flowers in the genera Clusia and Dalechampia, which are the only known plant genera that produce floral resins to attract pollinators. Clusia resin contains polyprenylated benzophenones. In some areas of Chile, Propolis contains viscidone, a terpene from Baccharisshrubs, and in Brazil, naphthoquinone epoxide was recently isolated from red Propolis, and prenylated acids such as 4-hydroxy-3,5-diprenyl cinnamic acid have been documented, as well. A analysis of Propolis from Henan, China, found sinapinic acid, isoferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chrysin, with the first three compounds demonstrating antibacterial properties. Also, Brazilian red Propolis (largely derived from Dalbergia ecastaphyllum / Indian Rosewood tree resin) has high relative percentages of the isoflavonoids 3-Hydroxy-8,9-dimethoxypterocarpan and medicarpin. Other flavonoids commonly present include galangin and pinocembrin. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is also a component of some varieties of propolis from New Zealand.
Propolis powder may be mixed with a cream for external application to treat skin infections, hemorrhoids, acne, psoriasis, tennis elbow, inflammation of the nerves and sciatica. Used in alteration with Tea Tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) and Grapefruit extract, it is very effective in treating these medical problems.
Propolis is the focus of a lot of research, not just for its pronounced antibiotic and antimycotic properties, but also as a alternative to the conventional antibiotics and antimycotics (no side effects, no addiction). Some preliminary research findings (published in the biomedical literature) are described below. Readers are reminded that the following information represents preliminary research and does not constitute medical advice. Readers are directed to their local physician or healthcare provider for medical advice.
As a antimicrobial
Preliminary scientific studies show some types of Propolis have in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity (with active constituents including flavonoids like galangin and hydroxycinnamic acids like caffeic acid). In the absence of any in vivo or clinical studies however, it is not clear if this antimicrobial activity has any therapeutic relevance.
As a emollient
Preliminary in vivo studies with rats suggest propolis may be effective in treating the inflammatory component of skin burns. Also, a clinical trial has shown Brazilian Propolis skin cream to be superior to silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of partial thickness burn wounds.
As a immunomodulator
Propolis has been reported to exhibit both immunosuppressive and immunostimulant effects. Further research is needed to establish if there is a practical application for these seemingly opposing pharmacological effects.
As a treatment for allergies
Various claims have been made for the use of Propolis in treating allergies.
As a oral hygiene product
Propolis has been the subject of recent dentistry research, and there is some clinical evidence that Propolis might protect against dental caries and other forms of oral disease, due to its antimicrobial properties. Propolis is also being investigated for its efficacy in the treatment of canker sores and in reducing the inflammation associated with canal debridement and endodontic procedures.
As a antioxidant
One in vivo study has shown that Propolis reduced the chances of cataracts in rat pups. In the absence of clinical studies, howebver, it is not clear if this activity has any therapeutic relevance.
In cancer treatment and cancer prevention
In in vitro tests, Propolis induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and reduces expression of growth and transcription factors, including NF-κB. Notably, caffeic acid phenethyl ester down-regulates the mdr-1gene, considered responsible for the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In in vivo studies with mice, Propolis inhibits 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-inducedtumorigenesis. Again however, in the absence of any clinical studies, it is not clear if this activity has any therapeutic relevance.
History: Already Dioscorides, a roman physicist and pharmacologist (40-90 a.C.), knew about the uses of Propolis.
Dosage
Take 3-6 capsules daily, with plenty of water.